Bolivianos se congregaron para rendir culto a los “cráneos milagrosos” (+fotos +¿qué es eso?)

Bolivianos se congregaron para rendir culto a los “cráneos milagrosos” (+fotos +¿qué es eso?)

AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES

 

Unas llevan anteojos. Otras sombreros y un cigarro. No falta alguna con un quepis militar. Son las “ñatitas” o cráneos humanos, y tienen poderes milagrosos. Es un culto prehispánico que este miércoles reunió a miles de personas en el cementerio de La Paz, el más antiguo de Bolivia.

“Hemos tenido unos 10.000 personas como visitantes y se expusieron, creo, unas 700 ‘ñatitas’ que han traído personas particulares”, informó a la AFP el administrador del camposanto, Ariel Conitzer. En Bolivia y algunas zonas de Sudamérica, “ñato” alude a la nariz reducida, como la de los cráneos.





Los devotos llegaron temprano al cementerio -que data de 1826, un año después de la fundación de la República- y por pasillos del camposanto les rinden culto. Algunos llegaron con bandas de música o mariachis y otros con comida y bebida.

¿De dónde salen los cráneos? Autoridades del cementerio han explicado en otras ocasiones que las ‘ñatitas’ terminan extrayéndose de personas o sepulcros olvidados en el mismo camposanto, o son restos de familiares que pasan de generación en generación. Los devotos las guardan en sus casas dentro de urnas.

Las calaveras suelen ser adornadas con sombreros, gorros de lana, coronas de flores o lienzos. Algunos llenan las cavidades oculares con algodón. Los devotos encienden velas y realizan rezos, con la creencia de que tienen poderes.

AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES

“Aquí están Andrea, Álex, Julia. Va a venir un padre y nos va a bendecir. Cada 8 de noviembre vengo”, cuenta un hombre al canal ATB, mientras muestra una caja con tres cráneos que llevan coloridos gorros para el frío y gafas para el sol.

“Ellos nos cuidan. Tienen un cuartito en la casa”, afirma.

Según la tradición andina, los cráneos dan protección a sus creyentes, hacen que sus negocios prosperen y son guardianes de la salud.

En épocas prehispánicas, los nativos sacaban a pasear en andas (tableros sostenidos por dos  varas paralelas) los restos de los difuntos, para que los ‘ajayus’ (espíritus) volvieran a reencontrarse con sus cuerpos y sus familias.

El administrador del cementerio explicó que aunque este año hubo menor afluencia de personas, hubo gran devoción, “pues las personas llegaron con sus grupos musicales, sus ‘tarqueadas’ (un baile andino) e incluso con bandas (folclóricas andinas) famosas”.

La fiesta se realiza ocho días después del inicio de la fiesta católica de “Todos los Santos”, y se replica en varios cementerios del país.

A devotee adorns her "natitas" (snub-nosed) human skulls at the Central Cemetery of La Paz, during the annual traditional ritual on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
 AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
Devotees spend time at the Central Cemetery of La Paz with their "natitas" (snub-nosed) human skulls during the annual traditional ritual on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
 AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
Picture of three "natitas" (snub-nosed) human skulls taken at the Central Cemetery of La Paz during the annual traditional ritual on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
Devotees arrive with their "natitas" (snub-nosed) human skulls at the Central Cemetery of La Paz, during the annual traditional ritual on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
 AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
A devotee has his "natita" (snub-nosed) human skull blessed at the Central Cemetery's chapel in La Paz, during the annual traditional ritual on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
Devotees have their "natitas" (snub-nosed) human skulls blessed at the Central Cemetery's chapel in La Paz, during the annual traditional ritual on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
 AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
Devotees have their "natitas" (snub-nosed) human skulls blessed at the Central Cemetery's chapel in La Paz, during the annual traditional ritual on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
 AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
Picture of a "natita" (snub-nosed) human skull taken at the Central Cemetery of La Paz during the annual traditional ritual on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
Aymara women pray next to their "natitas" (snub-nosed) human skulls during the annual traditional ritual at the Central Cemetery of La Paz on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
An Aymara woman prays next to her "natitas" (snub-nosed) human skulls during the annual traditional ritual at the Central Cemetery of La Paz on November 8, 2017. The "natitas" are meant to protect their owners, who keep them at home all year long and bring them to the cemetery chapels every November 8 to perform rituals which end up in a traditional party. / AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES
 AFP PHOTO / Aizar RALDES